Friday, February 17, 2012

News and Events - 12 Feb 2012




2012-02-10 10:23:41
Scientists, long searching for a cure for Alzheimer’s, a reporting a dramatic breakthrough: a drug that quickly reverses the pathological, cognitive and memory deficits in mice afflicted with the disease. The results point to the significant potential that the drug, bexarotene, could help the more than 5 million Americans suffering from the brain disease. However, they cautioned that the study was only used in mice, and that the research needs much more work to determine if the medication will show positive results in humans. Current drugs on the market only slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. But the neuroscientists at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, hope bexarotene, or a similar variation, will someday work in humans as well. The researchers, reporting in the US journal Science, said mice treated with the drug became rapidly smarter and the plaque in their brains that was causing Alzheimer’s started to disappear within hours. “We were shocked and amazed,” lead author Gary Landreth, a professor in the Department of Neurosciences at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Ohio, told the AFP news agency. “Things like this had never, ever been seen before.” Landreth, explaining how bexarotene works, said levels of the protein Apolipoprotein E (ApoE are boosted which then helps clear amyloid plaque buildup in the brain, a major trait of Alzheimer’s. “Think of this as a garbage disposal,” said Landreth. “When we are young and healthy, all of us can basically get rid of this (amyloid and degrade it and grind it into small bits and it gets cleared.” But many of us are “unable to do this efficiently as we age. And this is associated with mental decline or cognitive impairment,” he said. Within six hours of receiving the drug, soluble amyloid levels in the mice fell 25 percent, ultimately reaching a 75 percent drop over time. The authors found that the mice, soon after taking the drug, began performing better in tests, showing they were able to remember things again, were more social and were able to smell again, a sense that is commonly lost in Alzheimer’s patients. Within 72 hours after the treatments, the mice were able to associate paper with nests and began building again -- another function lost in mice with Alzheimer’s. “This is an unprecedented finding. Previously, the best existing treatment for Alzheimer's disease in mice required several months to reduce plaque in the brain,” said study coauthor Paige Cramer, a PhD candidate at the university’s School of Medicine. “This is a particularly exciting and rewarding study because of the new science we have discovered and the potential promise of a therapy for Alzheimer’s disease,” added Landreth. “We need to be clear; the drug works quite well in mouse models of the disease. Our next objective is to ascertain if it acts similarly in humans.” If bexarotene is to work in humans, it might be best targeted at people in the early stages of the disease, because, as seen in the nest building behavior of mice with Alzheimer’s, the nests are nowhere near as good as those built by healthy mice, according to the team. The team said clinical trials for humans are currently being designed and should produce early results in the coming year. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA had previously approved bexarotene for the treatment of a rare form of cancer -- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma -- more than a decade ago. It was initially made by US-based Ligand Pharmaceuticals under the brand name Targretin. Eisai Pharmaceutical from Japan bought the rights for Targretin in 2006 and it is now available through Eisai in 26 countries in Europe, North America and South America. Scott Turner, director of the Georgetown University Medical Center's Memory Disorders Program, who was not involved in the research, told Kerry Sheridan of AFP that he was excited by the findings. “This is a brand new way to move forward in human trials of Alzheimer's disease and it works great with mice.” Turner, an expert in Alzheimer’s disease, cautioned, however, that more research was needed to see if the same results can be seen in humans. “One obstacle is that the mice may not be a good model of Alzheimer’s disease. We have so many things that work in mice and we try them in humans and they just completely fail,” he said.
The FDA gives bexarotene a good safety profile, although women who are pregnant or may become pregnant are urged not to use it because of possible fetal defects. Typical side effects of the drug include diarrhea, dizziness, nausea, dry skin and trouble sleeping. Since bexarotene is prescribed for cancer patients, there are no anecdotal reports of improved memory in humans, according to Landreth. This may be because most cancer patients do not live long enough to reach the age of when Alzheimer’s usually strikes. Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia affect more than 35 million people worldwide, with cases expected to double by 2030, according to Alzheimer's Disease International which puts the annual global costs of the disease at $604 billion. Landreth said funding and support for the research came with help from the Blanchette Hooker Rockefeller Foundation, the Thome Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health. --- On the Net:



10.02.2012 4:26:17
Open Letter

There is an Australian workplace in a strategic industry where 350 jobs are in imminent danger.

Management is pleading poor, and pinning part of the blame on the high rate of dollar exchange, for a shortfall in financial projections.

Staff are nervously discussing their future, not above the din of an assembly line at the Altona car plant - where that same number of redundancies, announced by Toyota, sent politicians and journalists a-flutter - but in the sedate, even august surroundings of Sydney University.

There's been comparatively little comment from the outside world, but within its venerable sandstone walls a 'change proposal' has been drawn up that sees 750 academics on a 'hit list', with one in five of those due to be pushed out by the end of this year.

Safety is only for colleagues who've published at least four 'research outputs' in three years, for an annual average of one-and-a-third. It hastens the importation into universities of the 'target culture' so drearily familiar in other fields. And, oddly, it came just weeks after staff were told that a much lower average, of 0.8 per year, would be deemed 'satisfactory' and in line with 'university expectations'.

Add in plans to axe nearly 200 general staff and, unions say, an already overstretched workforce will be left to spend more of its time plugging gaps in basic teaching and administrative provision than concentrating on improving the service for students.

Although university management seem adamant that money will be saved, they admit to having no idea what it will cost to fire staff on this scale.

'Early career researchers' are exempt from the plans, so the brunt will be borne by more experienced lecturers, whose contracts stipulate redundancy payments that will almost certainly average well in excess of a year's salary. The National Tertiary Education Union estimates the cost at around $45 million, even before 'extras', such as buying out entitlements to long service leave, are allowed for.

While the projected growth in student fee income has been revised downwards from an annual 9.6 per cent, it is still expected to come in at just under 7 per cent per year in the next three years. The rate of fee inflation will be less than that, so everyone is working on the assumption that we will have more students to teach.

Sydney fares reasonably well in international comparisons among universities, but a frequent caveat in league tables such as that published annually by the Times Higher Educational Supplement is that our adverse staff/student ratios militate against a higher ranking. If that situation is allowed to worsen still further, it will harm the university's reputation, and justifiably so: students deserve more attention, from both lecturers and admin staff, not less.

Of course, gaps will be plugged by hiring yet more casuals (higher education is already the country's second-most casualised industry, after catering . Once the cost of those arrangements is included, it becomes difficult to see how any savings will accrue, certainly in the first two years. And by that time, there will be hundreds, even thousands more students, so staff will then need to be re-hired.

Looming over the cool cloisters of the university's famous quadrangle is the shadow of a massive new building project, the Centre for Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, with a price tag of $385 million and scheduled for completion in early 2014. (It is, of course, axiomatic with a Sydney building project that costs will rise along the way, as anyone who's extended their house could testify .

Feedback in the consultation process on the proposed job cuts has unsurprisingly included many suggestions to cut back or scrap this project, to save money. In response, in the 'formal change proposal', the claim is made that 'much of the funding which is being used to pay for [it] has been provided specifically for… capital works, and cannot be diverted to other uses'; also that 'significant government funding' has been received.

In fact, the government money, from the Higher Education Endowment Fund, covers only a quarter of the cost. The press release put out at the time boasted that 'the university and its partners' would be making 'substantial investments', but a ring round the partners named - mainly medical research institutes - yielded no evidence that they are paying any of the construction costs.

So the vice chancellor, Dr Michael Spence, apparently pulled down cash from the Rudd government's stimulus package, created to fend off recession in the Global Financial Crisis, by dint of committing $300-odd million of the university's own money… to one building. One can imagine the sound of jaws hitting the floor in Canberra: surely the intention was for this seed funding to be used to parlay contributions from other stake-holders? The centre's website draws attention to the spiralling cost of these diseases to the community at large: surely someone, a big pharmaceutical corporation for example, could have been tapped for funds?

Unlike previous VCs, Spence has contact only with a close circle of top managers. The 'Senior Executive Group' is not always completely of like mind, however: reports say some of its members have called for the University to hand back the government's money, and declare the Obesity Centre unaffordable. For the moment, Spence has faced them down, citing the consequential reputational damage the University would sustain. But as the fight over job cuts becomes more bloody, the perceived balance of advantage, on reputational grounds alone, may shift.

 

From:

 

  1. Associate Professor Jake Lynch, Director, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney
  2. Dr Nick Riemer, Senior Lecturer, English and Linguistics, University of Sydney
  3. Dr Peter John Chen, Lecturer, Government and International Relations, University of Sydney
  4. Dr Frances M. Clarke, Senior Lecturer, History, University of Sydney
  5. Dr Sheleyah Courtney, Lecturer, Sociology and Social Policy, University of Sydney
  6. Dr Bill Dunn, Senior Lecturer, Political Economy, University of Sydney
  7. Dr Melissa Hardie, Senior Lecturer, English, University of Sydney
  8. Dr Laleen Jayamanne, Senior Lecturer, Art History and Film Studies, University of Sydney
  9. Mr Mark Johnston, Software and Assets Officer, School of Letters, Art and Media, University of Sydney
  10. Dr Kate Lilley, Senior Lecturer, English, University of Sydney
  11. Dr Louise Marshall, Senior Lecturer, Art History and Film Studies, University of Sydney
  12. Dr Nicola Parsons, Senior Lecturer, English, University of Sydney
  13. Dr Michael Paton, Teaching Quality Fellow, Economics and Business, University of Sydney
  14. Associate Professor Peter Slezak, School of History and Philosophy, University of New South Wales
  15. Professor Paul Redding, Philosophy, University of Sydney
  16. Associate Professor Vanessa Smith, English, University of Sydney
  17. Dr Susan Thomas, Director, Writing Hub, Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney
  18. Dr Lawrence Warner, Senior Lecturer, English, University of Sydney
  19. Dr Sue Woolfe, Lecturer, English, University of Sydney
  20. Dr Huw Griffiths, Senior Lecturer, English, University of Sydney
  21. Dr Karl Maton, Senior Lecturer, Sociology and Social Policy, University of Sydney
  22. Dr Sarah Gleeson-White, Senior Lecturer in American Literature, Department of English, University of Sydney
  23. Dr Jennifer Dowling, Educational Designer, Arts eLearning, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, University of Sydney
  24. Dr David Bray, Senior Lecturer, Sociology and Social Policy, University of Sydney
  25. Dr Damien Cahill, Senior Lecturer and Chair of Department, Political Economy, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Sydney
  26. Wayne Isbister, Teaching and Curriculum Coordinator, School of Languages and Cultures, University of Sydney
  27. Dr Beatriz Carrillo Garcia, Department of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Sydney
  28. Lucy Fiske, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney
  29. Dr Wendy Lambourne, Senior Lecturer and Academic Co-ordinator, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney
  30. Associate Professor John Grumley, Department of Philosophy, University of Sydney
  31. Dr Rebecca Johinke, Lecturer, Department of English; Director, Student Support Programs, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences    
  32. Dr Michelle Royer, Senior Lecturer and Chair, Department of French Studies,

    University of Sydney
  33. Dr Alice Caffarel, Department of French Studies, University of Sydney
  34. Dr Carolyn Stott, Senior Lecturer, Department of French Studies, University of Sydney
  35. Dr Ahmar Mahboob, Department of Linguistics, University of Sydney
  36. Dr Anna Hickey-Moody, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, University of Sydney
  37. Richard White, co-editor, History Australia; Senior Lecturer, Department of History, University of Sydney
  38. Dr Tom Barnes, Lecturer, Political Economy, University of Sydney
  39. Dr Andrea Bandhauer, Senior Lecturer, Germanic Studies, Director of International and Comparative Literary Studies, University of Sydney
  40. Ms Judith Beveridge (Dept of English - Creative Writing , University of Sydney
  41. Dr Toni Borowsky, Senior Lecturer, Linguistics, University of Sydney
  42. Dr Benjamin Miller, Associate Director, Writing Hub, University of Sydney
  43. Associate Professor Bronwyn Winter, Department of French Studies, University of Sydney
  44. Associate Professor Michael McDonnell, Department of History, University of Sydney
  45. Dr Christopher Hartney, Lecturer, Studies in Religion
  46. Dr David Kelly, Senior Lecturer, Department of English, University of Sydney
  47. Honorary Associate Professor Ahmad Shboul, Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Sydney
  48. Dr Cynthia Hunter, Senior Lecturer, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney
  49. Dr Jadran Mimica, Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney
  50. Dr Jennifer Wilkinson, Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Sydney
  51. Dr Antonio Castillo, Department of Media and Communications, University of Sydney
  52.  Dr Victoria Grieves, Australian Research Council Indigenous Research Fellow, University of Sydney
  53. Dr Melissa Gregg, Senior Lecturer, Gender and Cultural Studies, University of Sydney
  54. Annabel McGoldrick, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney
  55. Dr Fiona Probyn-Rapsey, Senior Lecturer, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, University of Sydney
  56. Professor Margaret C. Miller, Arthur and Renee George Professor of Classical Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney
  57. Ms Frances Muecke, Department of Classics & Ancient History, University of Sydney
  58. Dr Chris Chesher, Senior Lecturer, Digital Cultures, University of Sydney
  59. Dr Nicholas Eckstein, Cassamarca Senior Lecturer in Italian History, Department of History, University of Sydney
  60. Dr Antonia Rubino, Senior Lecturer and Chair, Department of Italian Studies, University of Sydney
  61. Dr Julie-Ann Robson, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, University of Sydney
  62. Dr Mark Byron, Lecturer, Department of English, University of Sydney
  63. Dr Neil Maclean, Senior Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney
  64. Dr Brigid Rooney, Senior Lecturer, Department of English, University of Sydney
  65. Dr Nerida Jarkey, Senior Lecturer, Japanese Studies, University of Sydney
  66. Professor Eric Csapo, Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Sydney
  67. Dr David Macarthur, Senior Lecturer, Department of Philosophy, University of Sydney
  68. Dr Christina Alt, Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of English, University of Sydney



10.02.2012 21:00:00
Q1 Productions' Life Science Technology Forum to be held in Phoenix this coming Spring will bring together key leaders from the pharmaceutical, biotech, medical device and diagnostic industries to discuss and debate challenges and proven successes in the implementation and integration of new technologies, providing a platform for knowledge share, learning and networking with industry peers...



09.02.2012 18:18:18
UC Riverside biomedical scientists have identified a new link between a protein (beta-arrestin and short-term memory that could open new doors for the therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. They show that if beta-arrestin is removed from neurons, short-term memory loss is prevented. But beta-arrestin is also required for normal learning/memory. The researchers argue that a fine balance needs to be established, one that could be achieved by pharmaceutical drugs in the future.



Advances in Pharmacological Sciences
08.02.2012 20:37:00
In this study, we evaluate the diagnosis of FRS in a single medical center. Cases were divided into 2 main categories, non-invasive and invasive. Non-invasive FRS included fungus ball (FB and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS . Invasive FRS included acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS , chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (CIFRS , and chronic invasive granulomatous fungal rhinosinusitis (CGFRS . Fungal culture data, if available was reviewed. 400 patients with FRS were identified. 87.25% were non-invasive (45% AFRS, 40% FB, and 2% combined AFRS and FB and 12.5% were invasive 11% AIFRS 1.2% CIFRS 0.5% CGFRS. One patient (0.25% had combined FB/CGFRS. Aspergillus sp. or dematiaceous species were the most common fungi isolated in AFS while Aspergillus sp. was most common in FB ...
http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5667553



09.02.2012 22:39:39
Researchers have created a new, “green” method for developing medicines. The researchers used energy from a light bulb to create an organic molecule that may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and other brain diseases.

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